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Multi-time-step 2D fluid simulation

World's first multi-time-step fluid simulation executed on a superconducting quantum computer. Brought quantum-enhanced computational fluid dynamics closer to continuous real-world engineering applications.

 

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Date:  March 2025  •   Hardware: VTT Q50 Superconducting Computer •   Partners: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, IQM

What we achieved

Showcased at the official launch of Europe's first 50-qubit superconducting quantum computer, we achieved the world's first multi-time-step computational fluid dynamics simulation on actual superconducting hardware using the Quantum Lattice-Boltzmann Method (QLBM).

Moving beyond highly constrained single-step proofs of concept, we successfully advanced a two-dimensional fluid state through continuous, consecutive increments of time.



The approach

Simulating multiple time steps without intermediate measurements has historically been a severe challenge due to the linear nature of quantum algebra and rapid amplitude dissipation.

  • The simulation was executed on the VTT Q50 machine using exactly 12 qubits to model a 2D advection-diffusion equation.

  • We meticulously optimized the quantum circuits specifically for the VTT Q50's logic gateset.

  • By employing advanced algorithmic compression and specialized noise mitigation, we effectively overcame the traditional measure-re-encode bottleneck that typically causes multi-step simulations to fail.

The impact

Simulating multiple consecutive time steps is the absolute prerequisite for real-world engineering.

  • Fluid dynamics in aerospace or automotive design do not exist in a single frozen moment. They are constantly evolving, continuous processes.

  • This breakthrough signaled to the industry that quantum hardware is actively transitioning from static mathematical problem-solving to highly dynamic system modeling.

  • It established the technical viability of tracking thermal and fluid changes over prolonged operational durations using dedicated quantum algorithms.
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Tracking fluid concentration over consecutive time steps. Thanks to advanced noise mitigation, the physical execution on the VTT Q50 hardware (right) successfully tracks the ideal theoretical model (left).